10 MOST FAMOUS DOLLS IN THE WORLD

Matryoshka - Russian folding wooden doll, inside which contains smaller pupae. They are used as souvenirs and children's educational toys. World Russian toy became famous in 1900 on exposition in Paris. Every year nesting dolls were exhibited at fairs in Leipzig, Berlin and London. Matryoshka in those days was fashionable. Big interest evoked decorative painting and original form, which for that time were new.

The history of the matryoshka began a little over 100 years ago, but this short period of time the toy has not changed much. bright, festive, she became one of the symbols Russia.

Harlequin, before it was made recognizable in doll all over the world, was a famous character of the Italian theater of masks of the XVI century. Initially, the dupe and jester Harlequin was dressed in a costume reminiscent of peasant rags. However, over time, when the image began to be replicated, dressed him up. The costume became colorful, the patches on the fabric turned into bright diamonds. A couple of centuries later, Harlequin has already become a full-fledged doll, moreover - one of the main souvenirs of Italy.

Parsley is a classic example of a glove dolls have been known in Russia since the 17th century. There are also Petrushkas in Europe: in In Italy - Pulcinella, in France - Openchinelle, in England - Punch. Parsley - not just a doll, this is a theatrical character who, with his popularity owes performances at fairs. famous classic stories played out by the "petrushkas": the scene with the bride, the training of Petrushka as a soldier service, treatment of Parsley. Who does not know: Petrushka also has a full name - Peter Ivanovich Uksusov (this name is mentioned just in one of the scenes).

Doll kokeshi comes from Tohoku, in the northeast of Japan, deserves special attention. Already at the beginning of the 17th century, she enjoyed a fair amount of popular with visiting guests: it was believed that these dolls had magical properties, brought good luck and fulfilled wishes. Today 11 types of kokeshi are known (each of them has its own name). But the type is unchanged - a cylindrical body and a head. The doll has no arms or legs. It is believed that it was this type that inspired Russian craftsmen to create nesting dolls at the end of the 19th century.

Another famous Japanese Daruma doll, which is also considered matryoshka prototype. In addition to the fact that she has neither arms nor legs, she is also rounded shape and bright - usually red - colors. The exact date of birth is not installed - it is considered that the streaming release daruma coincided with the beginning of the 17th century. BUT it was named after the founder of Zen Buddhism - Daruma. According to legend, he is nine years old spent his life in meditation, after which he lost his legs. Today daruma helps to fulfill desire - on new year on the doll write your name and make a wish.

First paper dolls with wardrobe, which also needs to be cut out, appeared in Europe in the middle XVIII century, and a little later in America. The press then wrote that dolls would help little girls "to show good or bad taste in dress or hair." English paper dolls were especially famous, whose creators drew the smallest details of the costume. The Americans, on the other hand, made a puppet the most affordable - the company McLoughlin Brothers in the middle of the XIX century sold dolls at minimal prices and huge circulations.

Pinocchio - this wooden doll was born in 1883 after being released in the light of the book by the Italian writer Carlo Collodi "The Adventures of Pinocchio. The story of a wooden doll". The main character is a wooden boy with constantly nose growing from lies - instantly took on a life of its own. In his honor opened restaurants, children's clubs and, of course, produced wooden dolls. Today they can be found all over the world, but Pinocchio is especially popular. in Florence, where the author of the tale was born and died.

Bubblehead - these statuette dolls with disproportionately large heads appeared at the end of the 19th century, but their production was put on stream only in Americans in the 1920s. The dolls were made of papier-mâché and depicted legendary baseball players. Then bubbleheads began to be produced in plastic, expanding the range: there were prominent actors, singers, cartoon characters and even politicians. Of the latter, the most notable were bubbleheads of the english queen, Prime Minister Putin, President Trump and the company's founder Apple - Jobs.

Barbie - a cult doll for all little (and not so) girls was invented in 1959 in the USA, in the state of Wisconsin. "Mom" dolls - Ruth Handler - was a company stenographer Mattel. She wanted to make perfect woman, and took as a basis the image of the heroine of German erotic comics Lily (early 1950s). During its existence, the doll has brought its creator of over $2 billion. From the national symbol of Barbie long ago became supranational - it is believed that every 1-8 seconds in different corners someone buys the world Barbie.

Baby Born - in late 1980s, the creator of this plastic baby, Australian Victor Prakas, wanted one thing: "So that she helped the girl feel like a little mother. "I bought the idea and brought to perfection by a well-known German company Zapf Creation. Now the doll is really requires effort and money, which give an idea of ​​those that will have to spend on a living child. Baby Born can cry, laugh, eat and go to the toilet. Food, clothes, shoes, diapers and other accessories are always in availability - of course, for a separate fee.

Prepared by Elena Barysheva, Magazine "Spark" №26 from 07/04/2011, p. 33